to the table of contents. 3 .SET_DATE The .SET DATE and .SET TIME commands let you specify a date and time to be inserted in your file when you issue the Substitute flag pair, $$, with any of the appropriate date or time parameters. .SET DATE also sets the date for the .DATE command, which causes the date to appear in running heads. Formats .SET DATE d1 ,d2 ,d3 .SET TIME t1 ,t2 ,t3 Abreviated formats .SDT d1 ,d2 ,d3 .STM t1 ,t2 ,t3 4 Parameters d1 A number specifying the day of the month d2 A number specifying the month of the year d3 A number specifying the year (either four digits or the last two digits of the year) t1 A number specifying the hour of the day t2 A number specifying minutes past the hour t3 A number specifying seconds past the minute If you precede any of these values with a plus sign (+) or a minus sign (-), you will change the corresponding current value by adding to or subtracting from it the value following the + or -. 4 Defaults o If you do not enter .SET DATE or .SET TIME, entering a $$time, $$date, or any of the appropriate date or time parameters with the substitute flag pair ($$) will give you the date or time that DSR began processing the file. o If you enter either of these .SET commands, you can retain a previous value by omitting its value from the command. You must, however, type any comma that would have followed it. o If you enter either command without specifying any values for it, you will get the current date or the time as of the second the command is executed. 3 .SET_LEVEL The .SET LEVEL command allows you to preset the level of the next section head without entering a .HEADER LEVEL command (see .HEADER LEVEL). Format .SET LEVEL [+/-]n Abreviated format .SL [+/-]n 4 Parameters n Specifies the level for the next .HEADER LEVEL command. +n Makes the level for the next .HEADER LEVEL command n more than the current level. -n Makes the level for the next .HEADER LEVEL command n less than the current level. 3 .SET_PARAGRAPH The .SET PARAGRAPH command allows you to set values for .PARAGRAPH without entering .PARAGRAPH. The .SET PARAGRAPH command can be especially useful if you plan to execute .AUTOPARAGRAPH or .AUTOTABLE. (See .PARAGRAPH.) Format .SET PARAGRAPH [[-]n1 [,[-]n2 [,n3]]] Abreviated format .SPR [[-]n1 [,[-]n2 [,n3]]] The parameters n1, n2, and n3 are identical to the values of the .PARAGRAPH command. If you choose not to use one of these optional parameters, you must use a comma as a placeholder for the missing parameter in the parameter list. 4 Parameters n1 = spaces indented (The default is 5.) Specifies (like .INDENT) how many character positions to the right of the .LEFT MARGIN setting the first line of text will begin. -n1 Specifies how many character positions to the left of the .LEFT MARGIN setting the first line of text will begin; -n1 cannot, however, cause the text to begin to the left of character position 0. n2 = vertical spacing (The default is 1.) Specifies (like .SKIP) the number of blank lines you want inserted before the paragraph. You get additional blank lines if the .SPACING value is greater than 1. -n2 Specifies that the next line of text be pushed to within n2 lines of the bottom of the current page by the insertion of blank lines. Every line but the last one retains the line spacing (.SPACING value) that follows it. n3 = test page lines (The default is 2.) Specifies (like .TEST PAGE) the number of lines of text required to be on one page. Unlike the .TEST PAGE command itself, n3 takes into account any blank lines that .SPACING routinely inserts after each line of text. If there is not enough room on the current page to accommodate that many lines, DSR puts the text on the next page. You can cancel this function by specifying 0 for n3. 3 .SKIP The .SKIP command inserts a multiple of the number of blank lines that has been specified by the .SPACING command. Contrast this with .BLANK, which inserts only the number of blank lines specified with the .BLANK command itself. (See .BLANK.) Format .SKIP [[-]n] Abreviated format .S [[-]n] 4 Parameters n The number of .SPACING lines you want inserted. For example, if you have specified a .SPACING value of two lines and you enter .SKIP without an n value, DSR will insert two blank lines (the .SPACING value). If you enter .SKIP 2, DSR will insert four blank lines (2 times the .SPACING value), and so on. -n Specifies that the next line of text be pushed to within n lines of the bottom of the current page by the insertion of blank lines. Every line but the last one retains the line spacing (.SPACING value) that follows it. 4 Default If you enter no value for .SKIP, and you have entered no .SPACING command, you get .SKIP 1. 3 .SPACING The .SPACING command changes the amount of spacing between lines of text. Format .SPACING n Abreviated format .SP n 4 Parameter n The amount of spacing that you want between lines of text. For example, 1 denotes single spacing (no blank lines between lines of text). You must specify n, which must be within the range of 1 to 5, inclusively. 4 Default If you do not enter a .SPACING command, you get single spacing (.SPACING 1). 3 .STYLE_HEADERS The .STYLE HEADERS command changes the format and placement of the text portion of section heads (that is, the .HEADER LEVEL n text). Format .STYLE HEADERS [n1] [,n2]...[,n9] Abreviated format .STHL [n1] [,n2]...[,n9] 4 Parameters n1 (The default is 3.) Specifies the lowest-numbered header level to have the section title run-in to the paragraph that it heads. The text immediately follows the header title on the same line instead of beginning a new paragraph. All higher-numbered levels also have run-in formats. If n1=4, then .HEADER LEVEL 4, 5, and 6 titles are run into the main text. All lower levels will have the title separated from the text by blank lines (see parameter n7 for number of blank lines). n2 (The default is 1.) Specifies the highest-numbered header level to have its title printed entirely in uppercase. All lower-numbered levels will also have titles entirely in uppercase. If n2=4, then .HEADER LEVEL 1, 2, 3, and 4 will have titles in uppercase. n3 (The default is 6.) Specifies the highest-numbered header level to have only the first letter of each word capitalized in the title. All lower- numbered levels will also have titles in mixed format. If n3=6, all levels will have this case format. All uppercase takes precedence over initial capital letters, if there is a conflict. n4 (The default is 7.) Specifies the lowest-numbered header level not to have a section number to the left of its title. All higher-numbered levels will also not have section numbers to the left of their titles. Because there are only 6 header levels, the default of 7 indicates that all headers numbered. n5 (The default is 7.) Specifies the lowest numbered non-run-in header level to have its title centered. All higher-numbered non-run-in levels will also have their titles centered. Because there are only 6 header levels, the default value of 7 indicates that no header titles are centered. n6 (The default is 3.) Specifies the number of blank lines you want before section heads. n7 (The default is 1.) Specifies the number of blank lines you want after non-run-in section heads before the text is printed. n8 (The default is 9.) Specifies the number of lines you want to have available on the current page for the test page issued by .HEADER LEVEL. Note that n8 takes into account any blank lines that .SPACING routinely inserts after each line of text (unlike .TEST PAGE). (See also .SKIP.) n9 (The default is 2.) Specifies the number of spaces you want between the section number and the section title. The maximum value is 75. 4 Defaults If you do not specify a value for any given n, DSR supplies the following default values: n1=3 Run-in titles for header levels 3 to 6. n2=1 Titles in all uppercase for header level 1 only. n3=6 Titles with only the first letter of every word in uppercase for header level 2 to header level 6. n4=7 A sequence of numbers (or letters) preceding the section title. (See .DISPLAY LEVELS.) n5=7 Titles printed starting at the left margin (flush left), not centered. n6=3 Three blank lines before each header. n7=1 One blank line after each header. n8=9 Seven more than the test-page value of the most recent .PARAGRAPH or .SET PARAGRAPH command you have entered. If you have not specified such a value, you get 7 plus the .PARAGRAPH default of 2. (See the description of n8 for note on .SPACING adjustment.) n9=2 Two spaces between the section number of the header and the header itself (section title). 3 .SUBPAGE The .SUBPAGE command begins a new page and a new format for page numbering. It numbers the new page by keeping the previous page number and appending the letter A to it. For example, if the previous page is 10, the first subpage is 10A and the next page becomes 10B unless you enter an .END SUBPAGE command. (See also .NUMBER SUBPAGE, .DISPLAY SUBPAGE, .HEADERS ON, .LAYOUT, and .PAGE.) The .END SUBPAGE command begins a new page and goes back to normal page numbering. If you enter the .END SUBPAGE command on page 2-8D, for example, the next page would be numbered 2-9. Formats .SUBPAGE .END SUBPAGE Abreviated formats .SPG .ES 4 Default .SUBPAGE is not in effect. 3 .SUBTITLE The .SUBTITLE command allows you to specify a subtitle for a running head (see .HEADERS ON). When using the default .LAYOUT command, the subtitle appears on the second line of every page (except page 1) at the leftmost position on a line (character position 0), regardless of the left margin setting. The .NO SUBTITLE command cancels the .SUBTITLE command. (See also .AUTOSUBTITLE, .TITLE, .FIRST TITLE, and .LAYOUT.) Formats .SUBTITLE [text] .NO SUBTITLE Abreviated formats .ST [text] .NST 4 Parameter text The title of the running head you want to appear on the second line of the page. 4 Defaults o If you do not enter either .SUBTITLE or .NO SUBTITLE, you get .NO SUBTITLE. o If you enter the .SUBTITLE command without specifying subtitle text for it, you will get the effects of .AUTOSUBTITLE (provided you have not entered .NO AUTOSUBTITLE). o If .AUTOSUBTITLE is in effect and if the text picked up from an applicable .HEADER LEVEL command is wider than the margins in effect when the subtitle is displayed, the subtitle is truncated and an ellipsis (...) is appended to the end of it. 3 .TAB_STOPS The .TAB STOPS command changes the current positions of tab stops. Each tab character in the input file advances the print carriage to the right to the next tab stop. Format .TAB STOPS [[+/-]n1] [,[+/-]n2]...[,[+/-]n32] Abreviated format .TS [[+/-]n1] [,[+/-]n2]...[,[+/-]n32] 4 Defaults o If you enter the .TAB STOPS command without number or comma specifications, the use of all tab stops is suspended and the tab character is equivalent to a space. o If you do not enter the .TAB STOPS command, successive tab characters work as if you had set a tab stop every eight positions; that is, as if you had entered .TAB STOPS 8,16,24, and so on. Note that because .PAGE SIZE has a width limit of 150, 149 is the practical limit for .TAB STOPS. 3 .TEST_PAGE The .TEST PAGE command allows you to keep a specified amount of text entirely on a single page. If there is not enough room on the current page to accommodate that amount, DSR ends the current page and puts the entire text on the next page. Format .TEST PAGE n Abreviated format .TP n 4 Parameter n The number of lines required to be on one page. This number cannot be omitted and must be positive. 3 .TITLE The .TITLE command allows you to specify a title for a running head (see .HEADERS ON). This title normally appears at the top of every page but the first, at the leftmost position on the line (character position 0), regardless of the .LEFT MARGIN setting. (See also .FIRST TITLE, .SUBTITLE, and .LAYOUT.) Format .TITLE [text] Abreviated format .T [text] 4 Parameter text The title of the main running head you want to appear. 4 Default If you do not enter the .TITLE command, you get the title you specified in any .CHAPTER command that is in effect (unless you have entered .NO HEADERS). 3 .VARIABLE The .VARIABLE command allows you to specify a character that corresponds to the name you have given the commands and text in an .IF (or .IFNOT) block. This identifying character is placed in the left margin when you process your file with the /DEBUG or /DEBUG=CONDITIONALS command line qualifier. Format .VARIABLE name [t ,f] Abreviated format .VR name [t ,f] 4 Parameters name The name you have given to the commands and text in an .IF (or .IFNOT) block. t (True) is a single character of your choice that appears in front of lines of text to indicate that they will be processed (.IF block) if you specify /VARIANT, instead of /DEBUG, in the command line. f (False) is a single character of your choice that appears in front of lines of text to indicate that they will not be processed (.IFNOT block) if you specify /VARIANT, instead of /DEBUG, in the command line. 3 .XLOWER The .XLOWER command allows you to control the case of index entries specified by the .INDEX and the .ENTRY commands, or by the Index flag (>). The case of the index entries will match exactly the case that you enter when you make the index entry. See also the .XUPPER command. Format .XLOWER Abreviated format .XL 4 Default If you do not specify the .XLOWER command, .XUPPER is the default. 3 .XUPPER The .XUPPER command lets DSR control the case of index entries. If .XUPPER is in effect (as it is by default), DSR capitalizes the first character of every index entry and drops everything else in the entry to lowercase. See also the .XLOWER command. Formats .XUPPER Abreviated formats .XU 4 Default .XUPPER 2 DSR_Flags DSR flags are special characters that you enter to specify emphasis of text, case of characters, spacing of text, and other formatting details. 3 Accept The Accept flag (_) causes any character that directly follows it to be accepted as text. If the character is a punctuation mark after which DSR normally inserts an extra space (for example, a period), you can precede it with the Accept flag to cancel the extra space. If you want to insert a flag character into your text, the easiest way is to precede it with the Accept flag. For example, to insert an ampersand (&), which is also the Underline flag, type _&. For underlining purposes, you can use the Accept flag to cause the acceptance of an expandable space (one you produce by pressing the SPACE bar) because DSR normally does not underline spaces between words. 4 Default Recognition is turned on. 3 Bold The single character occurrence of the Bold flag (*) causes the next character to be printed in boldface; that is, to be overstruck once. You can cause characters to be overstruck more than once by using the /BOLD=number qualifier when processing the file with the RUNOFF command. Pairing the bold flag with the uppercase flag (^*) turns on the bolding until the lowercase/bold pair (\*) is encountered. 4 Default Recognition is turned off. To turn on recognition, you must use the .FLAGS BOLD command. 3 Break The Break flag (|) tells DSR where it may break a word that occurs at the end of a line. You might want DSR to be able to break a word after a slash (/) or a hyphen (-) that is part of the word (for example, "a yes/no response"). The Break flag allows a line to end where the flag occurs; no hyphen is ever inserted because of it. If the flag is turned on and inserted at break points, DSR is able to break the word at any of the specified points. If more than one Break flag is present in a word that DSR is breaking at the end of a line, DSR leaves as much of the word as possible on the line; that is, it breaks the word at the last possible Break flag. The Break flag works the same whether .JUSTIFY or .NO JUSTIFY is in effect. 4 Default Recognition is turned off. To turn on recognition, you must use the .FLAGS BREAK command. 3 Capitalize The Capitalize flag (<) causes all the letters in the word directly following it to be capitalized, except for letters that may be preceded by an Accept (_) or Lowercase (\) flag. Capitalization continues until one of the following is encountered: An expandable space A Break flag (|) A Hyphenate flag (=) Another Capitalize flag A pair of Uppercase flags (^^) A pair of Lowercase flags (\\) The end of the line You can pair the Capitalize flag with the Uppercase flag (^<) to capitalize all following text up to the next case flag. 4 Default Recognition is turned off. To turn on recognition, you must use the .FLAGS CAPITALIZE command. 3 Comment The Comment flag (!) is used to insert comments in .RNO files. You type the comment text immediately after the Comment flag. Comments do not appear in the output file. 4 Default Recognition is turned on. 3 Control The Control flag (.) is placed at the left margin to begin a string of DSR commands. When you want a period to be accepted as a text character, you do not need to precede it with an Accept flag (_) as long as the period is not placed at the left margin. If you do need to have a period in the 0 character position (and it is not part of a DSR command), you must precede it with an Accept flag. Alternatively, you can use two periods at the beginning of a line; the effect is the same as if you had used an Accept flag. 4 Default Recognition is turned on. 3 Hyphenate When the Hyphenate flag (=) is turned on and inserted between syllables of a word, DSR knows where the word can be broken at the end of a line. DSR inserts a hyphen where the break occurs. If DSR does not find it necessary to break the word, however, the hyphen does not appear. By default, the Hyphenate flag is disabled. The action of this flag (as opposed to the recognition of the flag) can be disabled or reenabled by the .DISABLE HYPHENATION and .ENABLE HYPHENATION commands. 4 Default Recognition is turned off. To turn on recognition, you must use the .FLAGS HYPHENATE command. 3 Index With the Index flag (>), you can mark words in the text of your document as index entries. Using the .INDEX command instead of the Index flag is a more common way of marking index entries. 4 Default Recognition is turned off. To turn on recognition, you must use the .FLAGS INDEX command. 3 Lowercase The Lowercase flag (\) causes the letter that directly follows it to appear in lowercase. The flag has no effect if the character following it is not a letter. The Lowercase flag can be paired as follows: o With the Underline flag (\&) to stop underlining text. o With the Bold flag (\*) to stop bolding characters. o With itself (\\) to cause the characters following it to be printed in lowercase by default. If you have a file that is in all uppercase, you can put a paired lowercase flag (\\) at the beginning of the file and then, as needed, override the temporary lowercase default by using a circumflex (^) to capitalize the letter following it. 4 Default Recognition is turned on. 3 Overstrike When the Overstrike flag (%) is turned on and inserted between two characters, it causes the first of the two characters to be overstruck by the following one. By default, the Overstrike flag is disabled. This capability allows the printing of characters not normally available, for example, a European 7, which is a 7 overstruck with a hyphen. Three or more characters can be overstruck, but only if you specify the /BACKSPACE qualifier in the DSR command line. Otherwise, only the first and last characters in an overstrike sequence will appear. The action performed by this flag (as opposed to the flag's recognition) can be disabled and reenabled by the .DISABLE OVERSTRIKING and .ENABLE OVERSTRIKING commands. 4 Default Recognition is turned off. To turn on recognition, you must use the .FLAGS OVERSTRIKE command. 3 Period DSR routinely inserts an extra expandable space after a period (.), colon (:), question mark (?), or exclamation point (!) that is followed by the usual end-of-word space. The Period flag (+) lets you specify the extra space following other characters. If the flag is turned on and .FILL is in effect, an extra space occurs when the flag (+) is inserted directly after the character. You must, however, insert the end-of-word space after the flag if it is to be effective. For example, if you have a complete sentence enclosed in quotation marks or parentheses, you may want an extra space after the closing quotation mark or parenthesis. 4 Default Recognition is turned off. To turn on recognition, you must use the .FLAGS PERIOD command. 3 Space The Space flag (#) produces one unexpandable space (not affected by justification) in the output file for every flag character inserted in the input file. If you insert the flag between two words, DSR treats them as one word (although they will appear as separate words in the output file). Therefore, you should not type any spaces before or after typing the Space flag. The flag can directly follow an Underline flag (&#) to cause the underlining of an unexpandable space. 4 Default Recognition is turned on. 3 Subindex The Subindex flag (>) works as a subindex entry flag only if you have issued an .INDEX or .ENTRY command. Subindex entries marked with this flag are collected and alphabetized below the primary entry to which they refer. The Subindex flag indicates that the next word or phrase will be placed on the following line of the index, indented two characters to the right of the preceding entry. 4 Default Recognition is turned on only within .INDEX and .ENTRY commands. 3 Substitute The Subsitute flag ($$) is the only flag that must be used in pairs. When the flag is turned on, it causes either a date or a time to be output. The output is determined by the word you associate with the flag pair; for example, $$Date. See the output in the following example. When the Substitute flag is turned on, any dollar sign character ($), even if it is not paired, must be preceded by an Accept flag if it is to be taken as normal text by DSR. 4 Default Recognition is turned off. To turn on recognition, you must use the .FLAGS SUBSTITUTE command. 4 Examples The following table shows the use of the substitute flag. The output file will contain the date and time that DSR processing of the file began. Input Output .FLAGS SUBSTITUTE $$Date 10 November 1993 $$Time 10:55:00 $$Year 1993 $$Month November $$Day 10 $$Hours 10 $$Minutes 55 $$Seconds 00 $$Month#$$Day,#$$Year November 10, 1993 3 Underline The Underline flag (&) causes the next character to be underlined. The operation performed by this flag (as opposed to the flag's recognition) can be disabled and reenabled by the .DISABLE UNDERLINING and .ENABLE UNDERLINING commands. The Underline flag can be paired as follows: o With the Uppercase flag (^&) to turn underlining on and with the Lowercase flag (\&) to turn underlining off. o With the Space flag (&#) to cause the underlining of unexpandable spaces. 4 Default Recognition is turned on. 3 Uppercase The Uppercase flag (^) serves the same purpose as a typewriter Shift key when you use it just before typing a letter. The flag capitalizes any single letter that directly follows it. It has no effect if the character following it is not a letter. The Uppercase flag can be paired as follows: o With a Capitalize flag (^<) to turn on the capitalization of the text that follows (the same as using Shift-Lock on a typewriter). o With an Underline flag (^&) to turn on underlining of the text that follows. o With a Bold flag (^*) to turn on bolding for the text that follows. o With itself (^^) if you want to ensure that the case of letters in your input file is maintained in your output file. You can use this flag pair with those commands that control uppercasing and lowercasing (such as .HEADER LEVEL or .CHAPTER). When you specify a title, precede it with two circumflexes (^^). 4 Default Recognition is turned on.