26 – P
nP (Scale Factor Editing) The scale factor lets you alter, during input or output, the location of the decimal point both in real values and in the two parts of complex values. The "n" is a signed or unsigned integer constant, in the range -128 to 127, that specifies the number of positions to the left or right that the decimal point is to move. A scale factor can appear anywhere in a format specification, but must precede the first F, E, D, EN, ES, or G field descriptor that is to be associated with it and affects all subsequent real field descriptors in the same FORMAT statement (unless another scale factor appears). On input the scale factor of any of the F, E, D, EN, ES, and G field descriptors multiplies the data by 10**-n and assigns it to the corresponding I/O list element. For example a 2P scale factor multiplies an input value by .01; a -2P multiplies an input value by 100. However, if the external field contains an explicit exponent, the scale factor has no effect. E, D, EN, ES, and G field descriptors alter the form in which data is transferred. On input a positive scale factor moves the decimal point to the left and a negative scale factor moves the decimal point to the right; on output, the effect is the reverse.
26.1 – F editing
nPFw.d On output, the value of the I/O list element is multiplied by 10**n before transfer to the external record. Thus, a positive scale factor moves the decimal point to the right; a negative scale factor moves the decimal point to the left. Thus, the F descriptor alters the magnitude of the data.
26.2 – E editing
nPEw.d On output, the basic real constant part of the I/O list element is multiplied by 10**n, and "n" is subtracted from the exponent. For a positive scale factor, "n" must be less than d+2 or an output conversion error occurs. Thus, a positive scale factor moves the decimal point to the right and decreases the exponent; a negative scale factor moves the decimal point to the left and increases the exponent.
26.3 – D editing
nPDw.d On output, the basic real constant part of the I/O list element is multiplied by 10**n, and "n" is subtracted from the exponent. For a positive scale factor, "n" must be less than d+2 or an output conversion error occurs. Thus, a positive scale factor moves the decimal point to the right and decreases the exponent; a negative scale factor moves the decimal point to the left and increases the exponent.
26.4 – EN editing
On output, the scale factor has no effect on EN editing.
26.5 – ES editing
On output, the scale factor has no effect on ES editing.
26.6 – G editing
nPGw.d On output, the effect for the G field descriptor is suspended if the magnitude of the data to be output is within the effective range of the descriptor (because the G field descriptor supplies its own scaling function). It functions as an E field descriptor if the magnitude of the data is outside its range. In this case, the scale factor has the same effect as for the E field descriptor.
27 – Q
(Query Remaining Character Count)
On input, Q obtains the number of characters remaining in the input
record to be transferred during a read operation. The following
example uses the Q descriptor to determine the size of the input
record:
READ(5,'(Q,A)') LEN, REC(1:LEN)
On output, the Q descriptor has no effect, except that the
corresponding I/O item is skipped.
28 – S
(Normal Signing) Restores the option of producing plus characters (+) in numeric output fields. The S descriptor counters the action of either the SP or SS descriptor by restoring to the processor the discretion of producing plus characters on an optional basis. This descriptor affects fields all that follow it, until an SP or SS is encountered. The S descriptor affects all subsequent I, F, E, D, and G editing (in the same FORMAT statement) during the execution of an output statement.
29 – SP
(Always + Signs) Causes the processor to produce a leading plus character (+) in any position where this character would otherwise be optional. This descriptor affects all (suppress + signs) fields that follow it, until an S or SS is encountered. The SP descriptor affects all subsequent I, F, E, D, and G editing (in the same FORMAT statement) during the execution of an output statement.
30 – SS
(Suppress Sign) Causes the processor to suppress a leading plus character from any position where this character would otherwise be optional. It has the opposite effect of the SP field descriptor. The SS descriptor affects all subsequent I, F, E, D, and G editing (in the same FORMAT statement) during the execution of an output statement. This descriptor affects all fields that follow it, until an S or SS is encountered.
31 – Slash
[r]/
Terminates data transfer for the current record and starts data
transfer for a new record. The "r" is an optional repeat
specification.
Multiple slashes cause the system to skip input records or to
output blank records, as follows:
o When "n" consecutive slashes appear between two edit
descriptors, "n"-1 records are skipped on input, or "n"-1 blank
records are output. The first slash terminates the current
record. The second slash terminates the first skipped or blank
record, and so on.
o When "n" consecutive slashes appear at the beginning or end of
a format specification, "n" records are skipped or "n" blank
records are output, because the opening and closing parentheses
of the format specification are themselves a record initiator
and terminator, respectively.
32 – T
Tn (Tab to Position n)
On input, starts the next read operation at the character position
(within the record) indicated by position n. For example, if an
input statement reads a record containing:
ABC XYZ
and this record is under the control of the FORMAT statement:
10 FORMAT (T7,A3,T1,A3)
On execution, the input statement would first read the characters
XYZ and then read the characters ABC.
On output, starts the next write operation at the character
position n in the external record.
The position specified must be an integer in the range 1 through
the size of the record.
33 – TL
TLn (Tab Left n Positions) Indicates that the next character to be transferred to or from a record is the "n"th character to the left of the current character. The value of "n" must be greater than or equal to 1. If the value of "n" is greater than or equal to the current character position, the first character in the record is specified.
34 – TR
TRn (Tab Right n Positions) Indicates that the next character to be transferred to or from a record is the "n"th character to the right of the current character. The value of "n" must be greater than or equal to 1.
35 – X
nX (Skip Right n Positions) The X field descriptor functions the same as the TR field descriptor. On input, X starts the next read operation after skipping "n" character positions. If X is the last format item, it will have no effect. On output, X starts the next write operation after skipping the "n" character positions. Intervening characters are not written over. If X is the last format code executed, it will have no effect. The position specified must be in integer in the range 1 through the size of the record.
36 – Z
Zw[.m] (Hexadecimal Editing) On input, Z transfers "w" characters from the external field and assigns them, as a hexadecimal value, to the corresponding I/O list element (which can be any data type). The input value must be in the form of a hexadecimal constant. Each input character corresponds to four bits in the variable, high order to low order. If the input value contains more characters than specified by "w", an error occurs. If the input value contains fewer characters, it is padded with zeros on the left before being converted. On output, Z transfers the number of hexadecimal characters specified by "w" from a variable or constant to the record. The rightmost characters represent the low-order bits. If the variable or constant contains more characters than "w" specifies, the value is set to all asterisks (an error occurs). If the variable or constant contains fewer characters, the value is padded on the left with spaces. "m" specifies the minimum number of characters (with zero padding) that the value can contain. "m" must be an integer in the range 1 through 255. "w" must be large enough to include a possible minus sign. If "m" is present, the external field consists of at least "m" digits and, if necessary, is zero filled on the left.