1 RUN
Executes an image within the context of your process (see the
Image subtopic).
Creates a subprocess or a detached process to run an image and
deletes the process when the image completes execution (see the
Process subtopic).
2 Image
Executes an image within the context of your process. You can
abbreviate the RUN command to a single letter, R.
NOTE
If you are invoking an image that requires one or more
parameters, you must use the Automatic Foreign Command
format or the Foreign Command format. See the OpenVMS User's
Manual for additional information.
Format
RUN filespec
3 Parameter
filespec
Specifies an executable image to be executed. The file type
defaults to .EXE. The asterisk (*) and the percent sign (%)
wildcard characters are not allowed.
3 Qualifier
/DEBUG
/DEBUG
/NODEBUG
Executes the image under control of the debugger. The default
is the /DEBUG qualifier if the image is linked with the /DEBUG
qualifier and the /NODEBUG qualifier if the image is linked
without the /DEBUG qualifier. The /DEBUG qualifier is invalid if
the image is linked with the /NOTRACEBACK qualifier. The /NODEBUG
qualifier overrides the effect of the LINK/DEBUG command. If
the image was linked with the /TRACEBACK qualifier, traceback
reporting is performed when an error occurs.
If the image was not linked with the debugger, you can specify
the /DEBUG qualifier to request the debugger at execution time;
however, if the /NOTRACEBACK qualifier was specified when the
image was linked, the /DEBUG qualifier is invalid.
For a complete description of the OpenVMS Debugger, see the VSI
OpenVMS Debugger Manual.
To get help on debugger commands from the DCL level, type the
following command:
$ HELP/LIBRARY=SYS$HELP:DBG$HELP DEBUG
3 Examples
1.$ RUN LIBRA
The image LIBRA.EXE starts executing in the process. If the
image LIBRA has been installed with amplified privileges, it
runs with those privileges because you have not explicitly
specified a version number or a semicolon. Alternatively, the
image LIBRA.EXE still runs with its amplified privileges, if
you enter the RUN command as follows:
$ RUN LIBRA.EXE
2.$ MACRO/ENABLE=DEBUG ORION
$ LINK/DEBUG ORION
$ RUN ORION
OpenVMS I64 DEBUG64 Version V8.3-014
%DEBUG-I-INITIAL, Language:IMACRO, Module:ORION
DBG>
.
.
.
$ RUN/NODEBUG ORION
A program is compiled, linked, and run with the debugger.
Subsequently, a RUN/NODEBUG command requests that the debugger,
which is present in the image, not issue a prompt. If an error
occurs while the image executes, the debugger can perform
traceback and report on the error.
3.$ RUN AQUARIUS.EXE;1
The image AQUARIUS.EXE starts executing in the process. If
the image AQUARIUS.EXE has been installed with amplified
privileges, it does not run with those privileges because you
have specified a version number. Instead, the image runs with
current process privileges only. When you specify a version
number (or even just a semicolon), the image activator does not
search its list of special images that have been installed with
privileges. The process AQUARIUS still runs with only normal
process privileges if you enter the RUN command as follows:
$ RUN AQUARIUS.EXE;
In this case, however, the highest version of the image
AQUARIUS runs.
2 Process
Creates a subprocess or a detached process to run an image
and deletes the process when the image completes execution. A
subprocess is created if any of the qualifiers except the /UIC
or the /DETACHED qualifier is specified. A detached process is
created if the /UIC or the /DETACHED qualifier is specified and
you have the IMPERSONATE user privilege.
Format
RUN filespec
3 Parameter
filespec
Specifies the file name of an executable image to be executed in
a separate process. The default file type is .EXE. The asterisk
(*) and the percent sign (%) wildcard characters are not allowed
in the file specification.
3 Qualifiers
/ACCOUNTING
/ACCOUNTING (default)
/NOACCOUNTING
Requires ACNT (accounting) privilege to use the /NOACCOUNTING
qualifier.
The /NOACCOUNTING qualifier stops the current accounting file
tracking the resources used by the created process.
The /ACCOUNTING qualifier (the default) has no effect.
/AST_LIMIT
/AST_LIMIT=quota
Specifies the maximum number of asynchronous system traps (ASTs)
that the created process can have outstanding.
If you do specify an AST limit quota, the default quota
established at system generation time is used. The minimum
required for any process to execute is 2.
The AST limit quota is nondeductible.
/AUTHORIZE
/AUTHORIZE
/NOAUTHORIZE (default)
Requires IMPERSONATE privilege.
When the image to be executed is the system login image
(LOGINOUT.EXE), this qualifier searches the user authorization
file (UAF) to validate a detached process. The /NOAUTHORIZE
qualifier creates a detached process that runs under the control
of the command interpreter.
When you specify the /AUTHORIZE qualifier, quotas are derived
from the user authorization file (UAF) record of the process'
owner. Any qualifiers to the RUN command that specify other
quotas are ignored in favor of the UAF quotas.
When you specify the /NOAUTHORIZE qualifier, quotas are derived
from the system parameters that set process quota default limits
(parameters prefixed with PQL_D).
Specify the /AUTHORIZE qualifier if you want the login image
to check the UAF whenever a detached process is created. The
process-permanent files specified by the /INPUT and /OUTPUT
qualifiers are made available to the command interpreter for
input and output.
/BUFFER_LIMIT
/BUFFER_LIMIT=quota
Specifies the maximum amount of memory, in bytes, that the
process can use for buffered I/O operations or for temporary
mailbox creation.
If you do not specify a buffered I/O quota, the default value
established at system generation time is used. The minimum amount
required for any process to execute is 1024 bytes.
The buffer limit quota is pooled.
/DELAY
/DELAY=delta-time
Places the created process in hibernation and awakens it after a
specified time interval.
Specify the delta time according to the rules described for
entering delta times in the OpenVMS User's Manual or the online
help topic Date.
If you specify both the /DELAY and /INTERVAL qualifiers, the
first wakeup request occurs at the time specified by the /DELAY
qualifier. All subsequent wakeup requests occur at the interval
specified by the /INTERVAL qualifier.
/DETACHED
Creates a detached process with the same user identification code
(UIC) as the current process. (To create a detached process with
a different UIC, use the /UIC qualifier.) By default, the created
process is not a detached process.
By default, resource quotas for the detached process are limited
by the quotas of the creator process (maximum) and the system
parameters PQL_M* (minimum). The IMPERSONATE or CMKRNL privilege
allows you to specify any quotas for the detached process that
exceed the normal range. Unless you have the IMPERSONATE or
CMKRNL privilege, the maximum number of detached processes that
you can create is limited to the quota defined by MAX_DETACH in
your UAF.
/DUMP
/DUMP
/NODUMP (default)
When an image terminates because of an unhandled error, the /DUMP
qualifier causes the contents of the address space to be written
to the file named image-name.DMP in the process's default device
and directory. You can then use the Analyze/Process_Dump utility
to analyze the dump.
/ENQUEUE_LIMIT
/ENQUEUE_LIMIT=quota
Specifies the maximum number of locks that a process can have
outstanding at any one time.
The default quota is that established at system generation time.
The minimum required for any process to operate is 2.
/ERROR
/ERROR=filespec
Defines an equivalence name string of 1 to 63 alphanumeric
characters for the logical device name SYS$ERROR. The logical
name and equivalence name are placed in the process logical name
table for the created process. (The /ERROR qualifier is ignored
if you are running SYS$SYSTEM:LOGINOUT.)
/EXTENT
/EXTENT=quota
Specifies the maximum size to which the image being executed in
the process can increase its physical memory size.
The default quota is that established at system generation time.
The minimum value required for any process to execute is 10
pages.
Specify the value of n as a number of 512-byte pagelets on Alpha
. Note that the operating system rounds up this value to the
nearest CPU-specific page so that actual amount of physical
memory allowed may be larger than the specified amount on Alpha.
The extent quota is nondeductible.
/FILE_LIMIT
/FILE_LIMIT=quota
Specifies the maximum number of files that a process can have
open at any one time.
The default quota is the quota established at system generation
time. The minimum amount required for any process to execute is
2.
The file limit quota is pooled.
/INPUT
/INPUT=filespec
Defines an equivalence name string of 1 to 63 characters for
SYS$INPUT. The logical name and equivalence name are placed in
the process logical name table for the created process.
/INTERVAL
/INTERVAL=delta-time
Requests that the created process be placed in hibernation and be
awakened at regularly scheduled intervals.
Specify the delta time according to the rules described in the
OpenVMS User's Manual or the online help topic Date.
If you specify the /DELAY or the /SCHEDULE qualifier with the
/INTERVAL qualifier, the first wakeup request occurs at the
time specified by the /DELAY or the /SCHEDULE qualifier; all
subsequent wakeup requests occur at intervals specified by the
/INTERVAL qualifier. If you specify neither the /DELAY nor the
/SCHEDULE qualifier with the /INTERVAL qualifier, the first
wakeup request occurs immediately by default.
/IO_BUFFERED
/IO_BUFFERED=quota
Specifies the maximum number of system-buffered I/O operations
that the created process can have outstanding at any one time.
The default quota is the quota established at system generation
time. The minimum required for any process to execute is 2.
The buffered I/O quota is nondeductible.
/IO_DIRECT
/IO_DIRECT=quota
Specifies the maximum number of direct I/O operations that the
created process can have outstanding at any one time.
The default quota is the quota established at system generation
time. The minimum required for any process to execute is 2.
The direct I/O quota is nondeductible.
/JOB_TABLE_QUOTA
/JOB_TABLE_QUOTA=quota
Allows you to specify a quota for a detached process's jobwide
logical name table.
A value of 0 has a special meaning. It means that the table, for
all practical purposes, has infinite quota because its quota is
pooled with that of its parent table, the system directory table.
Note that the /JOB_TABLE_QUOTA qualifier is relevant only
for detached processes. If the /JOB_TABLE_QUOTA qualifier is
specified in a RUN command that results in the creation of a
subprocess, it is ignored.
/KERNEL_THREAD_LIMIT
/KERNEL_THREAD_LIMIT=n
Sets the limit of the number of kernel threads that can be
created in the new process. If the value specified is higher than
the SYSGEN parameter MULTITHREAD, an error message is returned.
Specifying the value 0 makes the process use the systemwide
limit set by the MULTITHREAD parameter.
/MAILBOX
/MAILBOX=unit
Specifies the unit number of a mailbox to receive a termination
message when the created process is deleted. If no mailbox is
specified, the creating process receives no notification when the
subprocess or detached process has been deleted.
/MAXIMUM_WORKING_SET
/MAXIMUM_WORKING_SET=quota
Specifies the maximum size (up to 64K pages) to which the image
being executed in the process can increase its working set size.
An image can increase its working set size by calling the $ADJWSL
(Adjust Working Set Limit) system service.
The default quota is the quota established at system generation
time. The minimum value required for any process to execute is 10
pages.
The maximum working set quota is nondeductible.
/ON
/ON=node_name
Specifies an OpenVMS Cluster node on which a detached process
is to be created. Quotas are determined by comparing the values
you specify with the RUN command with the quotas of the creator
process (maximum) and the PQL_M* system parameters on the target
node (minimum). To specify quotas outside that range, you must
have IMPERSONATE or CMKRNL privilege. Omitted quota values
default to the values of the PQL_D* system parameters on the
target node.
The qualifier value node_name is a 1- to 6-character string
containing the SCS node name of the requested node.
For example, to create a process named BAR on node FOO that runs
MY_PROG.EXE, enter the following command:
$ RUN $10$DKB100:[SMITH]MY_PROG.EXE /DETACH /ON="FOO"/PROCESS_NAME="BAR"
Note that the disk containing the image must be mounted on the
specified node. Because the disk might not be mounted on the node
on which the command is entered, the RUN command processor does
not check whether the image exists. Consequently, the command
can complete without error even though the created process aborts
immediately because the image file cannot be found.
/OUTPUT
/OUTPUT=filespec
Defines an equivalence name string of 1 to 63 characters for the
logical device name SYS$OUTPUT. Both the equivalence name and the
logical name are placed in the process logical name table for the
created process.
/PAGE_FILE
/PAGE_FILE=quota
Specifies the maximum number of pages that can be allocated in
the paging file for the process. The paging file quota is the
amount of secondary storage available during execution of the
image.
The default quota is the quota established at system generation
time. The minimum value required for a process to execute is 256
pages. The paging file quota is pooled.
/PRIORITY
/PRIORITY=n
Requires ALTPRI (alter priority) privilege to set the priority
higher than your current process.
Specifies the base priority at which the created process
executes.
On Alpha, the value of parameter n is a decimal 0 to 63, where 63
is the highest priority and zero is the lowest. Normal priorities
range from 0 to 15; real-time priorities range from 16 to 63.
The default priority is that of the current process.
/PRIVILEGES
/PRIVILEGES=(privilege[,...])
Requires SETPRV (set privilege) privilege to specify privileges
that you do not have.
Defines user privileges for the created process. You can extend
any privilege you possess to a process you create. By default,
the created process has the same privileges as its creator. If
you specify only one privilege, you can omit the parentheses.
For a list of process privileges, see the VSI OpenVMS Guide to
System Security.
You can also use the keyword NOSAME as the privilege parameter.
If you specify /PRIVILEGES=NOSAME, the created process has no
privileges.
/PROCESS_NAME
/PROCESS_NAME=process-name
Specifies a name of 1 to 15 characters for the created process.
The process name is implicitly qualified by the group number of
the process's user identification code (UIC). By default, the
name is null.
/QUEUE_LIMIT
/QUEUE_LIMIT=quota
Specifies the maximum number of timer queue entries that the
created process can have outstanding at any one time. This number
includes timer requests and scheduled wakeup requests.
The default quota is the quota established at system generation
time. A process does not require any timer queue quota in order
to execute.
The timer queue entry quota is pooled.
/RESOURCE_WAIT
/RESOURCE_WAIT (default)
/NORESOURCE_WAIT
Places the created process in a wait state when a resource
required for a particular function is not available.
If you specify the /NORESOURCE_WAIT qualifier, the process
receives an error status code when a resource is unavailable.
/SCHEDULE
/SCHEDULE=absolute-time
Places the created process in hibernation and awakens it at the
specified time.
Specify the absolute time value according to the rules given for
entering absolute time values in the OpenVMS User's Manual or the
online help topic Date.
/SERVICE_FAILURE
/SERVICE_FAILURE
/NOSERVICE_FAILURE (default)
Enables or disables an exception condition notification if an
error occurs during a system service request. By default, an
error status code is returned to the process.
If you specify the /SERVICE_FAILURE qualifier and an error
occurs during a system service request, the process encounters
an exception condition.
/SSLOG_ENABLE
/SSLOG_ENABLE[=COUNT=n] [,FLAGS=[NO]ARG]
Valid on Alpha and Integrity server systems only.
Requires CMEXEC, CMKRNL, or SETPRV privilege to log argument
values. The SYSGEN parameter SYSSER_LOGGING must be enabled or
the command will fail.
Creates a process with system service logging enabled.
Keywords are as follows:
Keyword Explanation
COUNT=n Specifies how many P2-space buffers to log.
(Default: 2)
FLAGS=[NO]ARG Specifies whether or not service argument values
are to be logged. The default is ARG, which
requires privileges. If the value is ARG but you
lack privilege, no argument values are logged.
When enabling SSLOG for a process, you can specify the number
of buffers to be used for logging. Buffers are allocated in P2
space and are charged against the process's paging file quota.
Each buffer is 65,024(10) bytes or FE00(16) bytes. The buffer
space remains allocated and the quota charged until the process
is deleted.
Before you delete the process, stop the logging and close the log
file by executing the SET PROCESS/SSLOG=STATE=UNLOAD command. The
log file does not close automatically.
To analyze the log file, use the DCL command ANALYZE/SSLOG, which
is described in online help and in the System Service Logging
chapter of the VSI OpenVMS System Analysis Tools Manual.
/SUBPROCESS_LIMIT
/SUBPROCESS_LIMIT=quota
Specifies the maximum number of subprocesses that the created
process is allowed to create.
The default quota is the quota established at system generation
time. A process does not require any subprocess quota in order to
execute.
The subprocess limit quota is pooled.
/SWAPPING
/SWAPPING (default)
/NOSWAPPING
Requires PSWAPM (process swap mode) privilege to inhibit process
swapping.
Permits the process to be swapped. The default allows a process
to be swapped from the balance set in physical memory to allow
other processes to execute.
With /NOSWAPPING in effect, the process is not swapped out of the
balance set when it is in a wait state. By default, a process may
be swapped out of the balance set whenever it is in a wait state.
/TIME_LIMIT
/TIME_LIMIT=limit
Specifies the maximum amount of CPU time (in delta time) a
created process can use. CPU time is allocated to the created
process in units of 10 milliseconds. When it has exhausted its
CPU time limit quota, the created process is deleted.
If this quota is not specified and the created process is a
detached process, the detached process receives a default value
of zero, that is, unlimited CPU time.
If this quota is not specified and the created process is a
subprocess, the subprocess receives half the CPU time limit quota
of the creating process.
If this quota is specified as zero, the created process has
unlimited CPU time providing that the creating process also has
unlimited CPU time. If, however, the creating process does not
have unlimited CPU time, the created process receives half the
CPU time limit quota of the creating process.
The CPU time limit quota is a consumable quota; that is, the
amount of CPU time used by the created process is not returned to
the creating process when the created process is deleted.
If you restrict CPU time for a process, specify the time limit
according to the rules for specifying delta time values, as
described in the OpenVMS User's Manual or the online help topic
Date.
/TRUSTED
Specifies that the created process is part of the Trusted
Computing Base (TCB) and performs its own auditing. The /DETACH
qualifier is required as well as the IMPERSONATE privilege.
/UIC
/UIC=uic
Specifies that the created process be a detached process and
assigns it a user identification code (UIC). Specify the UIC by
using standard UIC format as described in the VSI OpenVMS Guide to
System Security.
/WORKING_SET
/WORKING_SET=default
Specifies the number of pages in the working set of the created
process.
The default working set size is the size established at system
generation time. The minimum number of pages required for a
process to execute is 10 pages. The value specified cannot be
greater than the quota specified with /MAXIMUM_WORKING_SET.
The maximum working set quota is nondeductible.
3 Examples
1.$ RUN/PROCESS_NAME=SUBA SCANLINE
%RUN-S-PROC_ID, identification of created process is 00010044.
In this example, the RUN command creates a subprocess named
SUBA to run the image SCANLINE.EXE. The system gives the
subprocess an identification number of 00010044.
2.$ RUN/DELAY=3:30/OUTPUT=BALANCE.OUT BALANCE
In this example, the RUN command creates a subprocess to run
the image BALANCE.EXE 3 hours and 30 minutes from now; output
is written to the file BALANCE.OUT.
3.$ RUN/INTERVAL=1:40/PROCESS_NAME=STAT STATCHK
%RUN-S-PROC_ID, identification of created process is 00050023
.
.
.
$ CANCEL STAT
In this example, the RUN command creates a subprocess named
STAT to execute the image STATCHK.EXE. The process is scheduled
to execute the image at intervals of 1 hour and 40 minutes.
The process hibernates; however, because neither the /DELAY nor
the /SCHEDULE qualifier is specified, the first wakeup request
occurs immediately.
The CANCEL command subsequently cancels the wakeup requests
posted by the /INTERVAL qualifier. If the process is currently
executing the image, it completes the execution and hibernates.
4.$ RUN/PROCESS_NAME=LYRA LYRA -
_$/OUTPUT=_TTB3: -
_$/ERROR=_TTB3:
%RUN-S-PROC_ID, identification of created process is 000A002F
In this example, the RUN command creates a subprocess named
LYRA to execute the image LYRA.EXE. The /OUTPUT and /ERROR
qualifiers assign equivalences to the logical names SYS$OUTPUT
and SYS$ERROR for the subprocess. Any messages the subprocess
writes to its default output devices are displayed on the
terminal TTB3.
5.$ RUN/UIC=[100,4]/PRIVILEGES=(SAME,NOPSWAPM) -
_$/NORESOURCE_WAIT OVERSEER
%RUN-S-PROC_ID, identification of created process is 0001002C
In this example, the RUN command creates a detached process
to execute under the UIC [100,4]. The image OVERSEER.EXE is
executed. The RUN command gives the process all the privileges
of the current process, except the ability to alter its swap
mode. The /NORESOURCE_WAIT qualifier disables resource wait
mode for the process.