These routines offer an interface to convert MRD status codes, element exception codes and constants for other common words into internationalized text. The message catalogs used by these routines are the same ones used by the Media Robot Utility command line interface. However, if no message catalog is available, a standard default message will be used for each code. The routine mrd_strstatus(3mrd) accepts MRD error codes and returns the corresponding message string from the catalog. The routine mrd_strelement(3mrd) accepts one of the MRD_ELEMENT codes defined in <mrd_message.h> and returns the corresponding word. An effort has been made to ensure that the first four code values correspond to the SCSI element types of SLOT, DRIVE, PORT and TRANSPORT, but the routine will remap these values to corresponding MRD_ELEMENT codes and return that string. The routine mrd_strexcept(3mrd) accepts the ASC/ASCQ code set in the element_info_t structure from an mrd_show(3mrd) or mrd_ find_cartridge(3mrd) when the ELEMENT_EXCEPT bit is set in the data.state field. Using the user provided buffer and length it will format the corresponding message to include the ASC /ASCQ values and return a pointer to the space. Since many of these code are vendor specific, we're unable to provide translations for all them, but we have made an effort to include the translations for many of the exception codes on supported medium-changers.